Ciudad Guayana – Pole of Development
The most important city in the north of the Guiana Mountains was until a few decades ago Ciudad Bolívar, which was founded in colonial times and is now the capital of the Venezuelan state of Bolívar. That changed after Ciudad Guayana was founded in 1961, because the city, planned as a development center in the sparsely populated east of the country, has become the economic focus of the state of Bolivar and the center through the settlement of various industries, influx and the expansion of transport connections over the course of a few decades the steel industry of Venezuela developed.
CHOICE OF LOCATION AND CITY DEVELOPMENT
Important reasons for the settlement of the development pole at the confluence of the Caroni in the Orinoco were on the one hand the 790 meter high “iron ore mountain” Cerro Bolívar and the proximity to other iron ore deposits, on the other hand the securing of the energy supply for the iron, steel and aluminum industry. This energy was initially supplied by the hydroelectric power plant opened in 1962 just before the Caroni estuary and then by the large power plant on the Guri reservoir, which was commissioned in 1968 with the first stage and today has an output of 8,850 megawatts largest hydropower plants in the world.
The driving force behind the establishment of the development pole was the Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG), which, as a state development authority, had extensive powers in the areas of industrialization, hydro energy generation, infrastructural development and urban planning. In order to create an urban center for the new location, the CVG worked out a planning concept for a large city together with experts from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Above all, the Puerto Ordaz district in the south of the Caroni estuary, opposite the existing San Félix settlement, provides an impressive example of a planned, modern Latin American city. For more information about the continent of South America, please check historyaah.com.
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