Yearbook 2007
Mongolia. According to CountryAAH, Ulaanbaatar is the capital city of Mongolia. Six years after Canadian mining company Ivanhoe Mines found large copper and gold deposits at Oyu Tolgoi in the Gobi Desert, the Mongolian government signed an agreement with the company to open a mine there. Under the agreement, the state must own 34 percent of the mine. However, the ratification of the agreement necessary for it to enter into force was postponed due to doubts in Parliament as to whether the contract is sufficiently favorable to Mongolia. After many decades of Soviet exploitation of the country’s natural resources and a painful transition to market economy, there is widespread skepticism in the Mongolian society towards foreign economic interests.
After less than two years in power, Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enchbold was dismissed as chairman of the former Communist Party Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP) at its October congress. The dismissal was explained with a lack of performance. Ten days later, Enchbold resigned as head of government. He was replaced on both posts by Sanj Bayar.
- According to abbreviationfinder: MN is the 2-letter acronym for the country of Mongolia.
History and Constitution
In opposition to Mongolia’s close political and military ties with the USSR, Japan began sponsoring the Pan-Mongolian movement and, through the Man-Chu Kwo government, inciting the Mongols to unite and shake the Soviet yoke. But if this policy had a certain result with the creation in Inner Mongolia, part of the Chinese dominion of the ephemeral government of Meng Kiang (see below), it had no success in Outer Mongolia, which indeed, in 1940, gave itself a new constitution..
Although the text of this has remained inaccessible so far, it is known that it has left the parliament (or great Khuruldan) unaltered, elected by universal suffrage by all citizens of both sexes and over the age of 18, and the executive committee (or small Khuruldan), made up of 30 members cast from the bosom of Parliament, to which they are responsible. From the executive committee, then, 5 members are elected with the functions of ministers.
The People’s Republic continued to collaborate closely with Moscow and, during the Second World War, made a valuable contribution to the USSR, especially in terms of livestock and food. The victory of the United Nations was also to have repercussions on the position of the young republic. The Sino-Soviet Treaty of August 14, 1945, in order to reconcile Soviet interests and Chinese sensibilities, made the recognition of Mongolian independence subject to a popular plebiscite. This took place on October 20, 1945, with the unanimous vote of the voters in favor of independence. The USSR hastened, on February 27, 1946, to renew the pact of mutual assistance with the people’s republic and to sign an agreement of economic and cultural collaboration with it. Outer Mongolia turned to the UN application for admission, but the Security Council rejected the request (6-13 September 1947) on the grounds that the republic had no representation abroad except that of Moscow. China also opposed this candidacy and accused the government of Outer Mongolia of causing the Peitashan border incident in Sin-kiang (Chinese Turkestan) in June 1947. Mongolia, in turn, retorted the accusation. The Chinese attitude was dictated by the fear of seeing the position of the people’s republic too strengthened, which could then make claims on the territories inhabited by Mongols belonging to China.
Mongolia weather in March, April and May
Average daily temperatures between -3 ° C and 19 ° C can be expected over the next three months. It is mildest in May in Choibalsan, while it is noticeably colder in March in Ulan Bator. The temperatures in Ulan Bator are between -3 and 15 ° C, in Altai between -3 and 14 ° C and in Choibalsan between -1 and 19 ° C.
In the period from March to May the sun shines on average between 8 and 10 hours a day. The sunniest weather is in Ulan Bator in May, but with less sun you will have to make do with Altai in March.
Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar, also Ulan Bator, until 1924 Urga, the capital of Mongolia; 1. 4 million residents (2019). Ulaanbaatar is located on the Tuul River, just over 1,300 meters above sea level, and is an important center for business and culture with universities and professional colleges. The city, which grew very rapidly during the first half of the 1990s, accounts for half of the country’s industrial production and is almost ten times larger than the country’s second largest city. Ulaanbaatar is located on the railway between Irkutsk and Beijing, has an international airport and is the hub of the country’s road network.
The city was founded in 1639 as the center of Mongolian Lamaism, then under the name Örgöö, of which the western form Urga. Between 1706 and 1911 it was called Ikh khuree (‘the Great Monastery’). From the mid-1700s, the city was the residence of the Chinese governor of Outer Mongolia, and in 1911–24, then as Nisjlel khuree (“Capital Monastery “), of the theocratic monarch Bogdo Gegen. As the capital of the People’s Republic of Mongolia, it was then renamed Ulaanbaatar (“Red Hero”).